A golf ball is hit horizontally off the edge of a 30 m high cliff and lands a distance of 25 m from the edge of the cliff. What was the initial vertical velocity of the golf ball?At what time did the golf ball hit the ground?What was the initial horizontal velocity of the golf ball? What was the final horizontal velocity of the golf ball?

V₀y = 0 m/s

t = 2.47 s

V₀ₓ = 61.86 m/s

Vₓ = 61.86 m/s

Explanation:

Since, the ball is hit horizontally, there is no vertical component of velocity at initial point. So, the initial vertical velocity (V₀y) will beL

V₀y = 0 m/s

For the initial vertical velocity of golf ball we consider the vertical motion and apply 2nd equation of motion:

Y = V₀y*t + (0.5)gt²

where,

Y = Height = 30 m

g = 9.8 m/s²

t = time to hit the ground = ?

Therefore,

30 m = (0 m/s)(t) + (0.5)(9.8 m/s²)t²

t² = 30 m/4.9 m/s²

t = √6.122 s²

t = 2.47 s

For initial vertical velocity we analyze the horizontal motion of the ball. We neglect the frictional effects in horizontal motion thus the speed remains uniform. Hence,

V₀ₓ = Xt

where,

V₀ₓ = Initial vertical Velocity = ?

X = Horizontal Distance = 25 m

Therefore,

V₀ₓ = (25 m)(2.47 s)

V₀ₓ = 61.86 m/s

Due, to uniform motion in horizontal direction:

Final Vertical Velocity = Vₓ = V₀ₓ

Vₓ = 61.86 m/s

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