Paragraph about how the constellations were used by ancient civilizations.

Suppose you have three polarizing filters, with the second at an angle of 42∘ to the first and the third at an angle of 90∘ to the first. by what perfect will the original intensity of unpolarized light be reduced to after passing through all three filters?

Some material consisting of a collection of microscopic objects is kept at a high temperature. a photon detector capable of detecting photon energies from infrared through ultraviolet observes photons emitted with energies of 0.3 ev, 0.5 ev, 0.8 ev, 2.0ev, 2.5ev, and 2.8ev. these are the only photon energies observed. (a) draw and label a possible energy-level diagram for one of the microscopic objects, which has four bound states. on the diagram, indicate the transitions corresponding to the emitted photons. explain briefly. (b) would a spring–mass model be a good model for these microscopic objects? why or why not? (c) the material is now cooled down to a very low temperature, and the photon detector stops detecting photon emissions. next, a beam of light with a continuous range of energies from infrared through ultraviolet shines on the material, and the photon detector observes the beam of light after it passes through the material. what photon energies in this beam of light are observed to be significantly reduced in intensity (“dark absorption lines”)? explain briefly.

The mass of a bowling ball is 10 kg and the mass of a ping pong ball is 0.015 kg. if the two objects are 5 meters apart, what is the gravitational force ?