While testing at 30 feet below the surface in Lake Minnetonka, with the sub stopped and in equilibrium, one of the students aboard the sub drops a hammer that goes through the hull of the submarine, and sticks out of the submarine handle first. When this happens, a seal forms immediately around the handle, so that no water enters the sub. What is the new equilibrium position for the sub?

Materials will have different energies associated with the electrons inside them. this is related to how strongly bound they are by their work function. if we sandwich a material with a very low energy between two materials with a high energy, we create a trap for an electron. if this trap is very narrow in one direction in comparison to the others, this is approximately a 1-dimensional box that confines the electron. what is the lowest energy of an electron in the box if the thinnest direction across the materials is 4.81 nm?