If two objects are compared at a certain distance, according to Newton's law of universal gravitation, what is true? Complete the sentences using the phrases below. stronger gravitational force. 1. Both objects have mass and therefore have

less gravitational force. 2. Lower mass objects have

a gravitational force. 3. Higher mass objects have

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Explanation:

Gravity is More Than a Name

The Apple, the Moon, and the Inverse Square Law

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

Cavendish and the Value of G

The Value of g

As discussed earlier in Lesson 3, Isaac Newton compared the acceleration of the moon to the acceleration of objects on earth. Believing that gravitational forces were responsible for each, Newton was able to draw an important conclusion about the dependence of gravity upon distance. This comparison led him to conclude that the force of gravitational attraction between the Earth and other objects is inversely proportional to the distance separating the earth's center from the object's center. But distance is not the only variable affecting the magnitude of a gravitational force. Consider Newton's famous equation

Fnet = m • a

Newton knew that the force that caused the apple's acceleration (gravity) must be dependent upon the mass of the apple. And since the force acting to cause the apple's downward acceleration also causes the earth's upward acceleration (Newton's third law), that force must also depend upon the mass of the earth. So for Newton, the force of gravity acting between the earth and any other object is directly proportional to the mass of the earth, directly proportional to the mass of the object, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance that separates the centers of the earth and the object.