What does the cross sign in the middle mean???

it is called the proportionality sign.

read as

"R is proportional to l"

graph slopes whilst gas cools, then it is flat whilst conensation to liquid happens, the coolong liquid then graphs as a slope when it solidifies graph is flat

latent heat

the following is queen elizabeth’s purposes:

- to encourage the parliament that the technique of picking successors to the seat based merely on birthright needs to be reviewed.

- (not) to convince the parliament that her kid should not be measured as a likely choice for heir to the english power.

- to persuade the parliament that merely since she has a child does not assure that the kid will be a capable leader.

- to sway the parliament how shattering it could be if they proceeded discourteously concerning her or her child.