The voltage difference between the AA and AAA batteries should be quite small. What then might be the difference between them?

The major difference is the capacity of both batteries. The AA battery has a higher capacity (a higher current) than the AAA battery.

Explanation:

The AA batteries and the AAA batteries are very similar in their voltage; both of them have 1.5 V.

The difference between these two batteries is their size and also the current that they have. The AAA battery is smaller than the AA battery, which means that the amount of electrochemical material is lower, so the AA battery has a higher capacity (a higher current) than the AAA battery. Generally, AA battery has 2400 mAh capacity and AAA battery has a capacity of 1000mAh; this means that AA battery has almost three times the capacity of an AAA battery.      

Furthermore, the size of the AA battery makes it more common than the AAA battery and therefore has higher commercial demand.                                  

I hope it helps you!

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