A camera takes a picture that is the correct brightness and the correct zoom level, but the depth-of-focus is too small. One way to increase the depth-of-focus is to increase the f-number. Assuming that we will make changes that have the overall effect to: 1. increase the f-number, and
2. keep the brightness and the zoom level the same, which changes should we make to the aperture diameter and to the shutter time? (keep in mind we're talking about the time the shutter is open; we aren't talking about the shutter speed)
a. Increase the aperture diameter, decrease the shutter time
b. Decrease the aperture diameter, increase the shutter time
c. Increase both the aperture diameter as well as the shutter time
d. Decrease both the aperture diameter as well as the shutter time

-first use of geothermal energy occurred more than 10,000 years ago in north america by american paleo-indians

-the first industrial use of geothermal energy began near pisa, italy in late 18th century

-in 1904, italian scientist piero ginori conti invented the first geothermal electric power plant in which steam was used to generate the power

-with the above experiment, the first geothermal plant in usa started in 1922 with a capacity of 250 kilowatts

-however, in 1946 first ground-source geothermal heat pump installed at commonwealth building in portland, oregon

-during the 1960’s, pacific gas and electric began operation of first large scale geothermal power plant in san francisco, producing 11 megawatts

-in 1973, when oil crisis began many countries began looking for renewable energy sources and by 1980’s geothermal heat pumps (ghp) started gaining popularity in order to reduce heating and cooling costs

-as effect of climate change started showing results, governments of various countries joined hands to fight against it, for which kyoto protocol was signed in japan in 1997, laid out emission targets for rich countries and required that they transfer funds and technology to developing countries, 184 countries have ratified it

hope this

a.   mass number from atomic number