The Octet Rule says that an atom is in its most stable state when it has a full valence shell (8 electrons in its valence shell). So, atoms take the electrons of other atoms to satisfy the Octet Rule. For example, carbon only has four valence electrons.

A248-g piece of copper is dropped into 390 ml of water at 22.6 °c. the final temperature of the water was measured as 39.9 °c. calculate the initial temperature of the piece of copper. assume that all heat transfer occurs between the copper and the water. remember, the density of water is 1.0 g/m

A15.75-g piece of iron absorbs 1086.75 joules of heat energy, and its temperature changes from 25°c to 175°c. what is the specific heat capacity of iron?

Asemipermeable membrane is placed between the following solutions. which solution will decrease in volume? solution a: 1.4% (m/v) starch solution b: 7.62% (m/v) starch