The pendulum of the Charpy impact machine has a mass of 50kg and a radius of gyration of 1.75 A k m = . If it is released from rest when 0 o  = , determine its angular velocity just before it strikes the specimen S located at 90o  = .

A. to determine if humans can explore mars safely

You need to be more specific.  i really don't know what a "motion map" is.you can draw a graph of an object's position, distance, displacement, speed,velocity, or acceleration versus time, or you can draw a graph of the object's x-position versus its y-position and not give any information about time at all.if the graph presents position or displacement against time,  then constant velocity is a straight line . . i.e. a line that has  constant slope.if the graph shows speed against time, then constant velocityis a horizontal piece of line.if the graph shows acceleration against time, then constant  velocity is a piece of line that lies on the x-axis . . it's value is zero. 

Simple, don't do it. just don't go to that dock

We can infer that star y is closer but other factors must be considered including the heat of the star, the mass, and the brightness of the star. even though star x seems dimmer it may just be less bright or contain less heat.