By inserting a constant, a statement of proportionality can be turned into an equation. For example, the diameter of a circle is proportional to its radius, ∝ . Insertion of the constant of proportionality 2, allows one to express this relationship as an equation, = 2. For gases, the constant of proportionality is , Boltzmann’s constant. Use this constant to express the relationship you derived in Step 1 as an equation instead of a proportionality. From a text or web resource, find the most common expression of this equation, which is called the Ideal Gas Law.

Using the work energy theorem. what is the velocity of a 850kg car after starting at rest when 13,000j of work is done to it.

An internally reversible refrigerator has a modified coefficient of performance accounting for realistic heat transfer processes of where qin is the refrigerator cooling rate, qout is the heat rejection rate, and is the power input. show that copm can be expressed in terms of the reservoir temperatures tc and th, the cold and hot thermal resistances rt, c and rt, h, and qin, as where rtot rt, c rt, h. also, show that the power input may be expressed as 1.39 a household refrigerator operates with cold- and hot-temperature reservoirs of tc 5 c and th 25 c, respectively. when new, the cold and hot side resistances are rc, n 0.05 k/w and rh, n 0.04 k/w, respectively. over time, dust accumulates on the refrigerator’s condenser coil, which is located behind the refrigerator, increasing the hot side resistance to rh, d 0.1 k/w. it is desired to have a refrigerator cooling rate of qin 750 w. using the results of problem 1.38, determine the modified coefficient of performance and the required power input w under (a) clean and (b) dusty coil conditions. internally reversible refrigerator qout qin w high-temperature reservoir low-temperature reservoir th th, i tc, i tc high-temperature side resistance low-temperature side resistance w qin th tc qinrtot tc qinrtot copm tc qinrtot th tc

The intensity of a polarized electromagnetic wave is 12 w/m^2. part a) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=0∘ with the plane of polarization? part b) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=30∘ with the plane of polarization? part c) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=45∘ with the plane of polarization? part d) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=60∘ with the plane of polarization? part e) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=90∘ with the plane of polarization?