Se tienen 5 cm3 de aire encerrado en una jeringa, siendo p = 760
mmHg. Para reducir el volumen que ocupa el gas se ejerce presión,
manteniendo constante la temperatura:

a- Calcula qué presión habrá que ejercer sobre el émbolo de la
jeringa para que el volumen sea una décima parte menor que el inicial.
b- ¿En cuánto debe aumentar la presión para que el volumen se
reduzca a la mitad?

a. 840 mmHg; b. 760 mmHg  

Explanation:

The only variables are the pressure and the volume, so we can use Boyle's Law.

p₁V₁ = p₂V₂

a. Pressure at one-tenth less volume

Data:

p₁ = 760 mmHg; V₁ = 5 cm³

p₂ = ?;                 V₂ = V₁ - 10 %

Calculations:

(i) Calculate V₂

0.1V₁ = 0.1 × 5 cm³        = 0.5 cm³

   V₂ = 5 cm³ - 0.5 cm³ = 4.5 cm³

(ii) Calculate p₂

b. Pressure at one-half the volume

Data:

p₁ = 760 mmHg; V₁ = 5 cm³

p₂ = ?;                  V₂ = ½V₁  

Calculations:

(i) Calculate V₂

V₂ = ½V₁ = ½ × 5 cm³ = 2.5 cm³

(ii) Calculate p₂

(iii) Calculate the increase in pressure

Δp = p₂ - p₁ = 1520 mmHg - 760 mmHg = 760 mmHg

The pressure must increase by 760 mmHg.

some think that theories become laws, but theories and laws have separate and distinct roles in the scientific method. a law is a description of an observed phenomenon in the natural world that hold true every time it is tested. it doesn't explain why something is true; it just states that it is true.

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