A wagon is rolling forward on level ground. Friction is negligible. The person sitting in the wagon is holding a rock. The total mass of the wagon, rider, and rock is 95.8 kg. The mass of the rock is 0.325 kg. Initially the wagon is rolling forward at a speed of 0.530 m/s. Then the person throws the rock with a speed of 15.1 m/s. Both speeds are relative to the ground. Find the speed of the wagon after the rock is thrown (a) directly forward in one case and (b) directly backward in another.

a)0.48 m/s

b) 0.583 m/s

Explanation:

As the wagon rolls,

momentum'p'= m x v => 95.8 x 0.530 = 50.774 Kgm/s

(a)Rock is thrown forward,

momentum of rock = 0.325 x 15.1 =  4.9075 Kgm/s

Conservation of momentum says momentum of wagon is given by

50.774 - 4.9075 = 45.8665

Therefore, Speed of wagon = 45.8665 / (95.8-0.325) = 0.48 m/s

(b) Rock is thrown backward,

momentum of wagon = 50.774  + 4.9075 = 55.68  Kgm/s

Therefore, speed of wagon = 55.68 / (95.8-0.325) = 0.583 m/s

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