The index of refraction for water is about 4 3 . What happens as a beam of light travels from air into water?

Its speed decreases.

Explanation:

When light enters into water, its speed decreases (as well as its frequency). This is the reason why refraction (the bending of light when it changes media) occurs.

This can be proven mathematically.

Given that the refractive index of water is 4/3, we know that refractive index is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in another medium.

Therefore,

4/3 = (speed of light in vacuum) / (speed of light in water)

Speed of light in a vacuum is 3 * 10^8. Hence,

Speed of light in water is:

v = (3 * 10^8) / (4/3)

v = 2.25 * 10^8 m/s

As we can see, the speed of light decreases in water.

answer; (d) spontaneous processes are characterized by the overall conversion of order to disorder;

  the grams     of oxygen gas   that can be produced     is 20.6   grams of o₂

calculation

2liclo₃ →   2 licl + 3 o₂

step 1:   find the moles of liclo₃

moles = mass÷ molar mass

from periodic table the molar mass of liclo₃ =6.9 +35.5   +(16 x3) =90.4 g/mol

moles=38.7 g÷90.4 g/mol=0.4281   moles

step 2:   use the   mole ratio   to calculate the moles of o2

from equation above, liclo₃: o₂   is 2: 3  

therefore the moles of   o₂=0.4281 moles x3/2 =0.6422   moles

step 3: find mass   of o₂

mass= moles x molar mass

from periodic table the   molar mass of   o₂ = 16 x2= 32 g/mol

mass=0.6422   moles   x   32 g/mol = 20.6 grams of o₂