A worker drives a 0.562 kg spike into a rail tie with a 2.26 kg sledgehammer. The hammer hits the spike with a speed of 64.4 m/s. If one third of the hammer’s kinetic energy is converted to the internal energy of the hammer and spike, how much does the total internal energy increase? Answer in units of J

Explanation:

Given that,

Mass of sledge hammer;

Mh =2.26 kg

Hammer speed;

Vh = 64.4 m/s

The expression fot the kinetic energy of the hammer is,

K.E(hammer) = ½Mh•Vh²

K.E(hammer) = ½ × 2.26 × 64.4²

K.E ( hammer) = 4686.52 J

If one forth of the kinetic energy is converted into internal energy, then

ΔU = ¼ × K.E(hammer)

∆U = ¼ × 4686.52

∆U = 1171.63 J

Thus, the increase in total internal energy will be 1171.63 J.

an ion is a charged atom or molecule. it is charged because the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons in the atom or molecule. an atom can acquire a positive charge or a negative charge depending on whether the number of electrons in an atom is greater or less then the number of protons in the atom.

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