Two students, standing on skateboards, are initially at rest, when they give each other a shove! After the shove, one student (78kg) moves to the left at 6.1m/s while the other student (57kg) moves right.

Space-time metric ds2= -dt2+at2dx2+bt2dy2+ct2dz2 (a)how does the area of a rectangle with vertices at ( x=0, y=0, z=0 ), (1,0,0 ), ( 0,1,0 ) and (1,1,0 ) changes with time? (b) if a photon moving in the x direction starts from the origin at t=1, when does it reach x=l? (ds=0 for the trajectory of a photon.) (c) the proper time for a particle is defined by cd=ds. what is the proper time for a particle to move along the trajectory ( x(t)=t, y(t)=0, z(t)=0 ) from t=0 to 1 ? what is the condition on the parameter a so that the velocity of the particle never exceeds the speed of light ?

The image shows a pendulum in simple harmonic motion the pendulum starts at a and swing to e

What is a carrier wave and how does it affect what you hear on the radio