Suppose a system has quartic degrees of freedom, instead of quadratic degrees of freedom: E(x) = cx4 where c is a constant and x is a continuous variable. Find the average energy of this system, in the same way that we derived the equipartition theorem.

Explanation:

The average energy of the system with quartic degrees of freedom. The quartic degrees of freedom is same as biquadratic since it means 4. Systems having quartic degrees of freedom are usually have their energies represented in terms of some variable raised to the power of 4.

The given system with quartic degrees of freedom here has E(x) = cx4 . The standard result from the statistical mechanics will be helpful here in calculating internal energy of the system, which is also its average energy.

U = kT^2\d(lnq)}/dT

Now, to find out q(x) we will use the equation  q(x) = \int^{+\infty}_{-\infty} exp\bigg(\frac{-E(x)}{kT}\bigg)dx = \int^{+\infty}_{-\infty} exp\bigg(\frac{-cx^4}{kT}\bigg)dx

For a quadratic system, you would get a Gaussian integral which has a standard result.

answer; (d) spontaneous processes are characterized by the overall conversion of order to disorder;

depends on what you mean by "group." for order, it would be coleoptera (beetles). for class, it would be insecta (insects). for phylum, it would be the arthropoda (animals with jointed exoskeletons).

explanation: