Earth's neighboring galaxy, the Andromeda Galaxy, is a distance of 2.54 × 10 7 2.54×107 light-years from Earth. If the lifetime of a human is taken to be 80.0 80.0 years, a spaceship would need to achieve some minimum speed v min vmin to deliver a living human being to this galaxy. How close to the speed of light would this minimum speed be? Express your answer as the difference between v min vmin and the speed of light c c .

The dipole moment of the water molecule (h2o) is 6.17x10^-30 c. m. consider a water molecule located at the origin whose dipole moment p points in the +x-direction. a chlorine ion ( of charge-1.60x10^-19c , is located at x=3.00x10^-9m . assume that is much larger than the separation d between the charges in the dipole, so that the approximate expression for the electric field along the dipole axis can be used. a) find the magnitude of the electric force that the water molecule exerts on the chlorine ion. b) what is the direction of the electric force. -x-direction or +x-direction c) is this force attractive or repulsive?