4.6 billion years ago, the Earth is created from what

Two identical small charged spheres are a certain distance apart, and each one initially experiences an electrostatic force of magnitude f due to the other. with time, charge gradually leaks off of both spheres. when each of the spheres has lost half its initial charge, the magnitude of the electrostatic force will be

Suppose while hauling rocks, you accidentally drop one. it breaks apart in flat, planar sections. what type of rock did you just drop? 20 points

An isotope undergoes radioactive decay by emitting radiation that has a –1 charge. what other characteristic does the radiation have?