Why can sounds range from barely audible to deafeningly loud?

This is due to the frequency

Explanation:

All sounds are characterized by the frequency range they have, the frequency is the number of times a sound wave is repeated in an instant of time called period.

To better understand this concept, an image is attached in which you can see the different types of waves according to their frequency. We can see that the audible frequencies are within the range of 10^3 to 10^8 [Hz].

Outside this range sounds are imperceptible to the human ear, which is why we cannot hear sounds emitted by physical or similar phenomena. It should be noted that as the frequency of the sound wave increases, the audible capacity of the human ear decreases.

if the person is shown to have +90n, then ans is -10n.

if the person is shown to have -90n, then ans is +10n.