Charge of uniform density 50 nC/m3 is distributed throughout the inside of a long nonconducting cylindrical rod (radius = 5.0 cm). Determine the magnitude of the potential difference of point A (2.0 cm from the axis of the rod) and point B (4.0 cm from the axis).

magnitude of the potential difference is  -1.7 V

Explanation:

given data

Charge of uniform density σ = 50 nC/m³ = 50 × C/m³

radius = 5.0 cm = 0.05 m

point A = 2 cm = 0.02 m

point B = 4 cm = 0.04 m

solution

as we know inside rod, we construct a cylindrical Gaussian surface of length L and radius r  around the axis.

so  electricfield is always perpendicular to the lateral surface area -2πrL

so that

E =   ..........1

E =    

E =  

Δv = - ∫ E.dr

Δv =          

put here value

Δv =        

Δv =  

Δv =  

Δv  = -1.7 V

as we know our atmosphere or air have different levels. every level has other gasses, and every gas has another permeability. when the light comes from lower permeability to higher permeability, it changes its direction. so that means that when the light comes from the moon to the earth, it changes it's direction many more times. it basically means that the shape of the light part of the moon is changed on the earth.

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