The first law of thermodynamics includes all the following except A) The total energy of the universe is constant B) Energy can neither be created nor destroyed C) Energy can be transferred or transformed D) Entropy increases in the universe with every energy transfer or transformation.

D

Explanation:

The first law of thermodynamics has nothing to to with the measure of uncertainty or randomness (i.e entropy) in a system.

Thus option D ( Entropy increases in the universe with every energy transfer or transformation) is out of it.

Instead, the second law of thermodynamics considers entropy to always increase in an isolated system.

answer: at 24 february, 2014 the population gets twice of its initial population.

explanation:

since we have given that

the population for alpha city, t years after january 1, 2004 is given as

first we find out the initial population, i.e. t=0,

so, our quadratic equation becomes,

according to question, we have said that if the population has twice its initial population, then it becomes

so, time taken to reach this above mentioned population is given by

now, we know that time can't be negative so, we take t=9.149 years.

hence, at 24 february, 2014 the population gets twice of its initial population.