What must happen to the electrons in a material to create an electric current?

Based on the concept of the wave-like nature of light, huygens' theory of light postulates that the more light was "bent" by a substance the slower it would move while traversing across that substance. a) deflection b) interference c) refraction d) resonance

1.)the isotope cobalt-60 has a nuclear mass of 59.933820 u calculate the mass defect of cobalt-60 using the following information. mass of proton: 1.007825 u mass of neutron: 1.008665 u 1 u = 931.5 mev 2.)the isotope cobalt-60 has a nuclear mass of 59.933820 u calculate the binding energy of cobalt-60 using the following information. mass of proton: 1.007825 u mass of neutron: 1.008665 u 1 u = 931.5 mev 3.)the isotope cobalt-60 has a nuclear mass of 59.933820 u calculate the binding energy per nucleon of cobalt-60 using the following information. mass of proton: 1.007825 u mass of neutron: 1.008665 u 1 u = 931.5 mev

The diagram shows a wave. the quantity shown is the amplitude. this quantity is directly proportional to which of these other quantities? a) energy b) frequency c) period d) wavelength