Consider a point charge q in three-dimensional space. Symmetry requires the electric field to point directly away from the charge in all directions. To find E(r), the magnitude of the field at distance r from the charge, the logical Gaussian surface is a sphere centered at the charge. The electric field is normal to this surface, so the dot product of the electric field and an infinitesimal surface element involves cos(0)=1. The flux integral is therefore reduced to ∫E(r)dA=E(r)A(r), where E(r) is the magnitude of the electric field on the Gaussian surface, and A(r) is the area of the surface. Determine the magnitude E(r) by applying Gauss's law.

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electromagnetic shielding is the practice of reducing the electromagnetic field in a space by blocking the field with barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials. shielding is typically applied to enclosures to isolate electrical devices from their surroundings, and to cables to isolate wires from the environment through which the cable runs. electromagnetic shielding that blocks radio frequency electromagnetic radiation is also known as rf shielding.

the shielding can reduce the coupling of radio waves, electromagnetic fields and electrostatic fields. a conductive enclosure used to block electrostatic fields is also known as a faraday cage. the amount of reduction depends very much upon the material used, its thickness, the size of the shielded volume and the frequency of the fields of interest and the size, shape and orientation of apertures in a shield to an incident electromagnetic

from wikipedia

answer

procedural programming, object-oriented programming

explanation

procedural programming is a type of computer programming language that specifies a series of well structured steps and procedures   within its development period of time. it contains a systematic order of statements, functions and commands to complete a computational task or program. it is centered on creating procedures. while object oriented programming is a programming language that is centered on creating objects rather that actions and data rather than logic.. it has four principles which are inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and encapsulation