In what processes do proteins in the electron transport chain participate?

1.Oxidation - reduction reactions and proton pumping

2. Phosphorylation reactions and proton pumping

Explanation:

In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from donors to acceptors, that is redox reaction.

These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by protein complexes within cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains.

c. magnitude and direction