In June 1997 the NEAR spacecraft, on its way to photograph the asteroid Eros, passed near the asteroid Mathilde. From photos transmitted by the spacecraft, Mathilde's size was known. It is presumably made of rock. Rocks on Earth have a density of about 3000 kg/m3 (3 grams/cm3). From the observations of the motion of the spacecraft as it passed Mathilde, scientists were able to learn something surprising about the asteroid.

In this problem you will analyze a similar situation. A spacecraft with mass 500 kg was traveling at nearly constant velocity with speed 12000 m/s. It flew past an asteroid, and the distance of closest approach (d in the diagram) was 3100 km (3.1e6 m). From photos taken by the spacecraft, it was determined that the asteroid had roughly the shape of a box 40 km by 30 km by 10 km (4e4 m by 3e4 m by 1e4 m).

Make a rough estimate of the vector change in momentum of the spacecraft that would result from encountering the asteroid. There is no one correct answer, since we're just trying to make a rough estimate. However, just because we're looking for a rough estimate doesn't mean that all answers are correct! Estimates that are wildly in disagreement with what physics would predict for this situation will be counted wrong.

Follow these directions and answer the questions. 1. shine a pencil-thin beam of light on a mirror perpendicular to its surface. (if you don't have a laser light as suggested in the video, you can make a narrow beam from a flashlight by making a cone from black construction paper and taping it over the face of the flashlight.) how does the light reflect? how does the relationship of incident to reflected ray relate to the reflection of water waves moving perpendicular to a barrier? 2. shine a pencil-thin beam of light on a mirror standing on a sheet of paper on the table (or floor) so that you can mark the incident ray and reflected ray. (you can support the mirror from the back by taping it to a wooden block.) 3. mark a line on the paper representing the reflective surface. (the reflective surface of a mirror is usually the back edge.) 4. draw a dashed line perpendicular to the mirror surface at a point where the incident and reflected ray meet. this perpendicular is called a normal to the surface. 5. measure the angles between the rays and the normal. the angle of incidence is the angle formed by the incident ray and the normal to the surface. the angle formed by the reflected ray and normal is called the angle of reflection (r). what is the angle of incidence? what is the angle of reflection? 6. repeat for several different angles. (see report sheet for details.) what appears to be the relationship between the angle of incidence and angle of reflection? in science 1204, what was the relationship for these two angles made by the reflection of waves in a ripple tank? 7. roll a ball bearing so that it hits a fixed, hard surface (a metal plate) at several angles (including head-on). observe the way in which the ball bearing reflects. what generalization can you make about how a ball bearing reflects from a wall? have you proved that light can only behave like a wave?

During physical science, ms. greene challenged her students to produce an energy transformation. james and jill wrapped a 4-inch nail with a coil of fifty turns of wire. they connected one end of the coil to one terminal of a knife switch. they connected the other terminal of the knife switch to the battery. finally, they connected the end of the coil to the other terminal of the battery. james held the tip of a 1-inch nail near the flat end of the 4-inch nail. jill closed the knife switch quickly and then opened it. the 1-inch nail was pulled toward the 4-inch nail. what is the best explanation of why the nail moved? a) electrical energy was converted to mechanical energy in the 1-inch nail. b) the 4-inch nail became an electromagnet and the magnetic force attracted the 1-inch nail. c) the electric current in the 4-inch nail was converted to mechanical energy in the 1-inch nail. d) the 4-inch nail had a positive charge and the 1-inch nail had a negative charge. opposites attracted.

Agas contained within a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes three processes in series: process 12: compression with pv= constant from 1 bar and 1 liter to 4 bar. process 23: constant pressure expansion to 1 liter. process 31: constant volume calculate the pressure and volume at each state, and sketch the processes on a p-vdiagram labeled with pressure and volume values at each numbered stat