Why would you expect the speed of light to be slightly less in the atmosphere then in a vacuum?

The speed of light to be slightly less in atmosphere then in vacuum because of absorption and re-emission of light by the atmospheric molecules occurred when light travels through a material

Explanation:

When light passes through atmosphere, it interacts or transmits through the transparent molecules in atmosphere. In this process of transmission through atmosphere, the light will be getting absorbed by them and some will get re-emitted or refracted depending upon wavelength.

But in vacuum the absence of any kind of particles will lead to no interaction and no energy loss, thus the speed of the light will be same in vacuum while due to interactions with molecules of atmosphere, there speed will be slightly less compared to in vacuum.

diagram is missing, but i will try to explain your doubt.

answer:

amplitude is the maximum displacement or distance moved on a point of a vibrating body or wave measured from its equilibrium position.it is equal to half the length of vibration path.

beta is electron from nucleus

something from nucleus has changed, but charge must be same for cons of charge