In this problem we assume that the solids aluminum (al, 27 g/mole) and copper (cu, 63.5 g/mole) are well described by the model in which each atom is like a classical mass-on-a-spring that can oscillate in three dimensions, obeying classical equipartition for the kinetic and potential thermal energies. we ignore the effects of any small volume changes.

Alinearly polarized electromagnetic wave has an average intensity of 196 w/m^2. this wave is directed towards two ideal polarizers (in real polarizers, transmission is also effected by reflection and absorption). polarizer a is oriented with its transmission axis at an angle of θ_1=20.8∘ with the incident electric field. polarizer b has its axis at an angle of θ_2=63.0∘ with the incident electric field. what is the average intensity of the wave after it passes through polarizer a? what is the average intensity of the wave after it passes through polarizer b? suppose that the two polarizers a and b are interchanged. what would the average intensity be after passing through both polarizers?