Apiston of volume 0.1 m3 contains two moles of a monatomic ideal gas at 300k. if it undergoes an isothermal process and expands until the internal pressure matches the external pressure p2 = 1atm. how much work is done by the gas on the environment?

the work is done by the gas on the environment -is W= - 3534.94 J (since the initial pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure , it needs external work to expand)

Explanation:

assuming ideal gas behaviour of the gas , the equation for ideal gas is

P*V=n*R*T

where

P = absolute pressure

V= volume

T= absolute temperature

n= number of moles of gas

R= ideal gas constant = 8.314 J/mol K

P=n*R*T/V

the work that is done by the gas is calculated through

W=∫pdV=  ∫ (n*R*T/V) dV

for an isothermal process T=constant and since the piston is closed vessel also n=constant during the process then denoting 1 and 2 for initial and final state respectively:

W=∫pdV=  ∫ (n*R*T/V) dV =  n*R*T  ∫(1/V) dV = n*R*T * ln (V₂/V₁)

since

P₁=n*R*T/V₁

P₂=n*R*T/V₂

dividing both equations

V₂/V₁ = P₁/P₂

W= n*R*T * ln (V₂/V₁)  = n*R*T * ln (P₁/P₂ )

replacing values

P₁=n*R*T/V₁ = 2 moles* 8.314 J/mol K* 300K / 0.1 m3= 49884 Pa

since P₂ = 1 atm = 101325 Pa

W= n*R*T * ln (P₁/P₂ ) = 2 mol * 8.314 J/mol K * 300K * (49884 Pa/101325 Pa) = -3534.94 J

the old price per ounce is c/4.

the new price per ounce is c/3.6.

the ratio of the old price to the new one is

(c/4)/(c/3.6) = (c/c)×(3.6/4) = 0.9 . . = 9/10 . . "nine tenths" in either form