Cryogenic vacuum pump works by condensing vapors onto some absorbent medium. this is an efficient and clean way to pump a system in a research environment. the term cryo means cold, which indicates that these types of vacuum pumps contain a refrigerant cycle to cool the internal parts. the temperature difference between the inside and outside of a typical cryogenic pump is δ t = 300 ∘ c . derive an expression to convert this difference into fahrenheit and express the answer.

Simon is writing a story about an astronaut whose spacecraft has been boarded by space pirates. the astronaut has her lucky penny in her hand behind her back as the space pirates break into the control room. she has just locked the controls so that the ship is accelerating in the direction of the control room’s ceiling. simon wants the astronaut to use the penny to hit a button on the control panel to turn off the lights and escape. the button is located a short distance behind and below the astronaut’s hands. how should simon use the theory of relativity to describe what the astronaut must do in order to hit the button?