Consider an evacuated rigid bottle of volume v that is surrounded by the atmosphere at pressure p0 and temperature t0. a valve at the neck of the bottle is now opened and the atmospheric air is allowed to flow into the bottle. the air trapped in the bottle eventually reaches thermal equilibrium with the atmosphere as a result of heat transfer through the wall of the bottle. the valve remains open during the process so that the trapped air also reaches mechanical equilibrium with the atmosphere. determine the net heat transfer through the wall of the bottle during this filling process in terms of the properties of the system and the surrounding atmosphere.