The tevatron acceleator at the fermi national accelerator laboratory (fermilab) outside chicago boosts protons to 1 tev (1000 gev) in five stages (the numbers given in parentheses represent the total kinetic energy at the end of each stage): cockcroft-walton (750 kev), linac (400 mev), booster (8 gev), main ring or injector (150 gev) and finally the tevatron itself (1 tev). what is the speed of the proton at the end of each stage?

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

Explanation:

At that energies, the speed of proton is in the relativistic theory field, so we need to use the relativistic kinetic energy equation.

          (1)

Here β = v/c, when v is the speed of the particle and c is the speed of light in vacuum.

Let's solve (1) for β.

We can write the mass of a proton in MeV/c².

Now we can calculate the speed in each stage.

a) Cockcroft-Walton (750 keV)

b) Linac (400 MeV)

c) Booster (8 GeV)

d) Main ring or injector (150 Gev)

e) Tevatron (1 TeV)

Have a nice day!

sleep paralysis is a parasomnia, events associated with sleep.

sleep paralysis happens when you are in the middle of waking up or falling asleep. it is the feeling of being conscious but unable to move. it definitely involves hallucinations.

i had a friend that had sleep paralysis and he told me a story one time where he was laying in bed and he couldn't move his body no matter how hard he tried and there was someone standing in the corner of his room coming towards him. he couldn't move and you can't "wake up" because you are already conscious. sometimes sleep paralysis can be triggered by frequent waking up during the night based off of multiple trips to the bathroom, or if you had ever been abused, sleep paralysis can start happening from things like that.

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