Aman carries a 12-kg chair up one flight of stairs to the second floor of his house. if the second floor is 3.3 m above the first floor, what is the change in the gravitational potential energy of the chair? a - 180 j b + 390 j c + 180 j d - 390 j e zero

stands for electromotive force and it is measured in volts. despite its name, it is not actually the force in the sense of being a "pushing" or "pulling" (not measured in newtons).an equation that relates emf,  ℰ,  to a battery's terminal voltage, v, current, i, and internal resistance, r, is    ℰ = v + irin this case, the emf can be interpreted as a voltage—a difference in electric potential.i would not say that it would be considered an energy. if emf can be defined as the energy/work per a unit charge from a battery or other electric source, then it is not strictly energy.