5.5 kg of liquid water initially at 12°c is to be heated to 95°c in a teapot equipped with an 800-w electric heating element inside. the specific heat of water can be taken to be 4.18 kj/kg·°c, and the heat loss from the water during heating can be neglected. the time it takes to heat water to the desired temperature is min.

stands for electromotive force and it is measured in volts. despite its name, it is not actually the force in the sense of being a "pushing" or "pulling" (not measured in newtons).an equation that relates emf,  ℰ,  to a battery's terminal voltage, v, current, i, and internal resistance, r, is    ℰ = v + irin this case, the emf can be interpreted as a voltage—a difference in electric potential.i would not say that it would be considered an energy. if emf can be defined as the energy/work per a unit charge from a battery or other electric source, then it is not strictly energy.

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