What formula can be used to calculate [h30+]?

Which terms describe the purpose of antennas on devices that use radio waves? transmit and receivemodify and amplifyamplify and receivemodify and transmit

When the displacement of a mass on a spring is 12a the half of the amplitude, what fraction of the mechanical energy is kinetic energy? at what displacement, as a fraction of a, is the mechanical energy half kinetic and half potential?

Large electric fields in cell membranes cause ions to move through the cell wall. the field strength in a typical membrane is 1.0 x 10 7 n/c. what is the magnitude of the force on a calcium ion with charge +e? what is its acceleration? is it possible for a particle with the same charge as as calcium to have a different acceleration if placed at this location? what would change the acceleration: mass of the particle? diameter of the particle?