For vibrational states, the boltzmann equation can be written as n1 n0 = e − δe kt, where n0 and n1 are the populations of the lower and higher energy states, respectively, δe is the energy difference between states, k is boltzman’s constant, and t is the temperature in kelvins. for temperatures of 15 °c and 50 °c, calculate the ratios of the intensities of the anti-stokes and stokes lines for ccl4 at (a) 218 cm-1 , (b) 459 cm-1 , and (c) 790 cm-1 . for each temperature and raman shift, calculate how much more intense the stokes line is compared to the anti-stokes line. room temperature is 298k

Name three different units of energy used to measure heat and describe what type of situations each is usually used.

The current in a hair dryer measures 11 amps. the resistance of the hair dryer is 12 ohms. what is the voltage?unit:

Some material consisting of a collection of microscopic objects is kept at a high temperature. a photon detector capable of detecting photon energies from infrared through ultraviolet observes photons emitted with energies of 0.3 ev, 0.5 ev, 0.8 ev, 2.0ev, 2.5ev, and 2.8ev. these are the only photon energies observed. (a) draw and label a possible energy-level diagram for one of the microscopic objects, which has four bound states. on the diagram, indicate the transitions corresponding to the emitted photons. explain briefly. (b) would a spring–mass model be a good model for these microscopic objects? why or why not? (c) the material is now cooled down to a very low temperature, and the photon detector stops detecting photon emissions. next, a beam of light with a continuous range of energies from infrared through ultraviolet shines on the material, and the photon detector observes the beam of light after it passes through the material. what photon energies in this beam of light are observed to be significantly reduced in intensity (“dark absorption lines”)? explain briefly.