In order to maintain the potential difference across the two sides of the membrane, cells carry ions across a membrane against the field ("uphill") using a variety of active transport mechanisms. one mechanism does so by using up some of the cell's stored energy converting atp to adp. how much work does it take to carry one sodium ion (charge = +e) across the membrane against the field? calculate your answer in ev/ion, joules/ion, and kilcalories/mole (the last for 1 mole of sodium ions).

the largest known star in the universe is uy scuti, a hypergiant with a radius around 1,700 times larger than the

  the grams     of oxygen gas   that can be produced     is 20.6   grams of o₂

calculation

2liclo₃ →   2 licl + 3 o₂

step 1:   find the moles of liclo₃

moles = mass÷ molar mass

from periodic table the molar mass of liclo₃ =6.9 +35.5   +(16 x3) =90.4 g/mol

moles=38.7 g÷90.4 g/mol=0.4281   moles

step 2:   use the   mole ratio   to calculate the moles of o2

from equation above, liclo₃: o₂   is 2: 3  

therefore the moles of   o₂=0.4281 moles x3/2 =0.6422   moles

step 3: find mass   of o₂

mass= moles x molar mass

from periodic table the   molar mass of   o₂ = 16 x2= 32 g/mol

mass=0.6422   moles   x   32 g/mol = 20.6 grams of o₂

i believe the answer would be:

d. violin, clarinet, french horn, and tuba

the total distance that martina travels that day is

(distance from home to mom's office) plus (distance from mom's office to school)

plus (distance from school to library) plus (distance from library to friend's house)

plus (distance from friend's house to martina's house).

(we don't know what any of these distance actually is.)