On february 15, 2013, a superbolide meteor (brighter than the sun) entered earth’s atmosphere over chelyabinsk, russia, and exploded at an altitude of 23.5 km. eyewitnesses could feel the intense heat from the fireball, and the blast wave from the explosion blew out windows in buildings. the blast wave took approximately 2 minutes 30 seconds to reach ground level. (a) what was the average velocity of the blast wave? (b) compare this with the speed of sound, which is 343 m/s at sea level.

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scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.

god i hope this !