The electron affinity of thulium has been measured by a technique known as laser photodetachment electron spectroscopy. in this technique, a gaseous beam of the anions of an element is bombarded with photons from a laser. electrons from the anion are then ejected and their energies are detected. the incident radiation had a wavelength of 1064 nm, and the ejected electrons were found to have an energy of 0.137 ev. the electron affinity is the difference in energy between the incident photons and the energy of the ejected electrons. determine the electron affinity of thulium in units of electron volts per atom.

Utah's great salt lake has an average salinity seven times higher than that of the oceans. very few multicellular organisms live in this harsh environment. an example is the brine shrimp, which must devote a large portion of its metabolic energy to osmoregulation. these brine shrimp must available hint(s)utah's great salt lake has an average salinity seven times higher than that of the oceans. very few multicellular organisms live in this harsh environment. an example is the brine shrimp, which must devote a large portion of its metabolic energy to osmoregulation. these brine shrimp must pump water back into their cells to counter its loss due to osmosisactively pump water back out of their cells to counter its inflow due to osmosissynthesize membranes that are impermeable to substances that upset osmotic balanceactively pump salt back out of their cells to counter its inflow due to osmosis