In order to determine the surface tension component at the solid / liquid interface (γsl) from contact angle measurements, we must assume some additional relation between ( γsl ) and ( γsv ). in fowke’s method of surface tension components, this is done by separating the two terms, and postulating that the interfacial tension is the geometric mean of the surface tension of the pure phases, and primarily arises from the dispersive forces in the pure materials (so we don’t have an equation relating ( γsl ) and ( γsv ) to each other, but rather to their pure components).

a) based on fowke’s work (referenced in the text), how do you find ( γds )?

b) how does fowke’s method lead you to ( γs )?

Aheat engine running backward is called a refrigerator if its purpose is to extract heat from a cold reservoir. the same engine running backward is called a heat pump if its purpose is to exhaust warm air into the hot reservoir. heat pumps are widely used for home heating. you can think of a heat pump as a refrigerator that is cooling the already cold outdoors and, with its exhaust heat qh, warming the indoors. perhaps this seems a little silly, but consider the following. electricity can be directly used to heat a home by passing an electric current through a heating coil. this is a direct, 100% conversion of work to heat. that is, 19.0 \rm kw of electric power (generated by doing work at the rate 19.0 kj/s at the power plant) produces heat energy inside the home at a rate of 19.0 kj/s. suppose that the neighbor's home has a heat pump with a coefficient of performance of 4.00, a realistic value. note: with a refrigerator, "what you get" is heat removed. but with a heat pump, "what you get" is heat delivered. so the coefficient of performance of a heat pump is k=qh/win. an average price for electricity is about 40 mj per dollar. a furnace or heat pump will run typically 200 hours per month during the winter. what does one month's heating cost in the home with a 16.0 kw electric heater? what does one month's heating cost in the home of a neighbor who uses a heat pump to provide the same amount of heating?

More solar radiation is absorbed by earth’s surface than by

Atoy airplane, flying in a horizontal, circularpath, completes 10. complete circles in 30.seconds. if the radius of the plane’s circular pathis 4.0 meters, the average speed of the airplane is(1) 0.13 m/s (3) 1.3 m/s(2) 0.84 m/s (4) 8.4 m/s