What does the term passive reference configuration imply? a. passive reference configuration implies that the reference direction of the current is in the opposite direction of the reference direction of the voltage. b. passive reference configuration implies that the reference direction of the current is the same direction as the reference direction of the voltage.

b. Passive reference configuration implies that the reference direction of the current is the same direction as the reference direction of the voltage.

Explanation:

Term Passive reference configuration implies that current i flowing through the element voltage across which is v.

P= v×i

we say that power is absorbed or released by an element depends upon the sign of P. And This depends upon the sign of current entering and the voltage across the terminal. This is know as passive reference configuration.

If the current enters the negative end of polarity the power P= -v×i

therefore here option B is the correct answer.

answer: the exterior temperature of commercial jet planes as they leave the stratosphere and return to the ground increases steadily.

explanation:

the lower most layer of atmosphere is troposphere which extends from 0 to 12 km above the surface of the earth. the temperature initially decreases as distance is increased from the earth's surface. commercial jets fly in lower part of the stratosphere. the stratosphere extends upto 50 km. the temperature in stratosphere starts rising again due to presence of ozone which traps the uv rays.

thus, when the planes leave the stratosphere and return to the ground, the exterior temperature increases steadily.

v=ir = 3x15 =45 v