Agas in a piston–cylinder assembly undergoes a process for which the relationship between pressure and volume is pvn = constant. the initial pressure is 1 bar, the initial volume is 0.12 m3, and the final pressure is 9 bar. the value of the polytropic exponent is n = 1.9. determine the final volume, in m3, and the work for the process, in kj.

Answer quickly (15 points) a comet is approaching earth. describe earth’s gravitational pull as the comet gets closer to it. a. remain constant b. increase c. decrease d. reversed

Some material consisting of a collection of microscopic objects is kept at a high temperature. a photon detector capable of detecting photon energies from infrared through ultraviolet observes photons emitted with energies of 0.3 ev, 0.5 ev, 0.8 ev, 2.0ev, 2.5ev, and 2.8ev. these are the only photon energies observed. (a) draw and label a possible energy-level diagram for one of the microscopic objects, which has four bound states. on the diagram, indicate the transitions corresponding to the emitted photons. explain briefly. (b) would a spring–mass model be a good model for these microscopic objects? why or why not? (c) the material is now cooled down to a very low temperature, and the photon detector stops detecting photon emissions. next, a beam of light with a continuous range of energies from infrared through ultraviolet shines on the material, and the photon detector observes the beam of light after it passes through the material. what photon energies in this beam of light are observed to be significantly reduced in intensity (“dark absorption lines”)? explain briefly.

A100 kg running back runs at 5m/s into a stationary linebacker. it takes 0.5 for the running back to be completely stopped