Which molecules generate the proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane?

Tungsten-filament lightbulb emits light based on the temperature of the filament. which phenomenon does this demonstrate?

If steel is more dense that lake water, why can a boat float

Red light strikes a metal surface and electrons are ejected. if violet light is now used with a 10% greater intensity, what will happen to the ejection rate (number of ejected electrons per second) and the maximum energy of the electrons? a) greater ejection rate; same maximum energyb) same ejection rate; greater maximum energyc) greater ejection rate; greater maximum energyd) same ejection rate; same maximum energye) none of the above answers are correct