An engineer in a locomotive sees a car stuck on the track at a railroad crossing in front of the train. when the engineer first sees the car, the locomotive is 330 m from the crossing and its speed is 25 m/s. if the engineer’s reaction time is 0.29 s, what should be the magnitude of the minimum deceleration to avoid an accident? answer in units of m/s 2

Which of the statements about waves is true? a. in longitudinal waves, particles move perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling. b. both transverse and longitudinal waves can travel through water c. electromagnetic waves are a type of longitudinal waves. d. in a transverse wave, particles move parallel to the direction the wave is traveling.

Follow these directions and answer the questions. 1. shine a pencil-thin beam of light on a mirror perpendicular to its surface. (if you don't have a laser light as suggested in the video, you can make a narrow beam from a flashlight by making a cone from black construction paper and taping it over the face of the flashlight.) how does the light reflect? how does the relationship of incident to reflected ray relate to the reflection of water waves moving perpendicular to a barrier? 2. shine a pencil-thin beam of light on a mirror standing on a sheet of paper on the table (or floor) so that you can mark the incident ray and reflected ray. (you can support the mirror from the back by taping it to a wooden block.) 3. mark a line on the paper representing the reflective surface. (the reflective surface of a mirror is usually the back edge.) 4. draw a dashed line perpendicular to the mirror surface at a point where the incident and reflected ray meet. this perpendicular is called a normal to the surface. 5. measure the angles between the rays and the normal. the angle of incidence is the angle formed by the incident ray and the normal to the surface. the angle formed by the reflected ray and normal is called the angle of reflection (r). what is the angle of incidence? what is the angle of reflection? 6. repeat for several different angles. (see report sheet for details.) what appears to be the relationship between the angle of incidence and angle of reflection? in science 1204, what was the relationship for these two angles made by the reflection of waves in a ripple tank? 7. roll a ball bearing so that it hits a fixed, hard surface (a metal plate) at several angles (including head-on). observe the way in which the ball bearing reflects. what generalization can you make about how a ball bearing reflects from a wall? have you proved that light can only behave like a wave?

You are about to open a container of soy milk but notice that there are instructions to “shake well before serving.” the soy milk is most likely a