Discuss joule-thompson effect with relevant examples and formulae.

Explanation:

Joule -Thompson effect

 Throttling phenomenon is called Joule -Thompson effect.We know that throttling is a process in which pressure energy will convert in to thermal energy.

Generally in throttling exit pressure is low as compare to inlet pressure but exit temperature maybe more or less or maybe remains constant depending upon flow or fluid flow through passes.

Now lets take Steady flow process  

Let

  Pressure and temperature at inlet and

  Pressure and temperature at exit

We know that Joule -Thompson coefficient given as

Now from T-ds equation

dh=Tds=vdp

So

⇒

So Joule -Thompson coefficient

This is Joule -Thompson coefficient for all gas (real or ideal gas)

We know that for Ideal gas Pv=mRT

So by putting the values in

For ideal gas.

e

explanation:

there is no change in the electric potential energy as it is in rest on both conditions.

the current is 0.6

voltage ÷ resistance = current

so 12 ÷ 20 = 0.6