Ineed to fill these notes out module 5 i will give 50 points out
module 5
5.04
special property: frozen water
solid water, also called the molecules during freezing.
this makes ice dense than liquid water.
water molecules form a shape when frozen.
why is this important to aquatic life?
in ponds and lakes, ice forms
because of the extra space in between the water molecules, water serves as a(n)
this is important because:
special property: water as a solvent
ionic compounds in water becoming
what is happening between the ions and the water molecules? why does water work so well as a solvent?
why is this important to an ecosystem?
special property: water’s surface tension
what is happening to the water molecules at the surface? how is this different than other water molecules?
water molecules at the surface are not pulled and this causes
attraction then leads to
surface tension allows:
special property: water’s specific heat
what is specific heat?
substances with low specific heat, heat up:
substances with high specific heat, heat up:
water has a specific heat.
water has high specific heat due to:
energy is used to bonds.
when water cools, bonds.
water changes in temperature. which ecosystems would this be important?
5.05
acids
· acid- compound that the concentration of ions when dissolved in water
· h= hydrogen, which has 1 proton, 1 electron and no neutrons
· h+ = hydrogen “atom” that has lost its electron; therefore, it is positively charged and called an ion
· when dissolved in water, h+ bonds with the water molecules to form h3o+
· (h2o + h+ = h3o+)
· most acids contain (h+) that break off when dissolved in h2o
· acids with hydrogen generally have the first element in the chemical formula:
· h3po4- phosphoric acid
· hno3- nitric acid
· hf- hydrofluoric acid
· physical properties
1)
2)
· chemical properties
1)
2)
bases
· bases- compound that the concentration of when dissolved in water
· many bases contain (why they increase the amount of ions in water) and it is reflected in chemical names:
· aluminum hydroxide al(oh)3
· sodium hydroxide na(oh)
· potassium hydroxide koh
· calcium hydroxide ca(oh)2
· physical properties
1)
2)
· chemical properties
1)
2)
ph scale
ph- measure of concentration of ions in an acid or base
· ph scale- range of measures from
· ph = 7- neutral (ex. pure water)
· ph < 7- acid (higher hydrogen ion concentrations)
· ph > 7- base (lower h+ concentrations)
ph scale chart
· notice on the chart- the hydrogen ion concentration is always (1x10 ^ - #) and the # always equals the ph level…
· notice on the chart- the hydroxide ion concentration (oh-) is always (1 x 10 ^ - #) and the # is always the difference between the current ph level and 14…
under measuring concentrations tab
molarity (m) - is one way of measuring of a solution.
a solution with a h+ concentration of 1 m (read "one molar") contains one mole of h+ ions per liter of solution. one mole of h+ ions is equal to 6.02 × 1023 h+ ions.
a solution with a h+ concentration of 0.5 m contains half a mole (3.01 × 1023) of h+ ions per liter of solution.
use the interactive in the course to see the ph values of common substances