With the of an energy -momentum (e-k) diagram describe the basic process used to obtain optical gain in semiconductors? explain the difference between direct and indirect band-gap semiconductors. (4) 1. 58 b) with the aid of a suitable diagram, discuss the main design features of a double heterostructure semiconductor laser and explain the role of these features in the optimization of the threshold current. (4)

An  atom  (ours, not carroll's) consists of a positively charged  nucleus, surrounded by one or more negatively charged particles called  electrons. the positive charges equal the negative charges, so the atom has no overall charge; it is electrically neutral. most of an atom's mass is in its nucleus; the mass of an electron is only 1/1836 the mass of the lightest nucleus, that of hydrogen. although the nucleus is heavy, it is quite small compared with the overall size of an atom. the radius of a typical atom is around 0.1 to 0.25 nanometres (nm), whereas the radius of a nucleus is about 10-6  nm.  *  if an atom were enlarged to the size of the earth, its nucleus would be only 200 feet in diameter and could easily rest inside a small football stadium.read more on -

B) as the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles increases.|-/

Simple, don't do it. just don't go to that dock