The stanford linear accelerator center (slac) accelerates electrons such that the 3 km proper length tube appears to be only 8 cm long due to lorentz contraction. a. find the values of gamma and the electrons’ speed. b. how much time does it take an electron to travel down the tube according to someone observing the proper tube length? c. how much time does the journey take from the electron’s point of view?

a. 37500;  299,792,457.9 m/s

The formula for the length contraction for a particle moving close to the speed of light is:

where

L' is the length observed by the particle moving

L is the length observed by an observer at rest

In this problem, we have

is the length of the SLAC measured by an observer at rest

is the length measured by the electrons moving

Substituting into the formula, we find the gamma factor

The formula for the gamma factor is

where v is the electron's speed and c is the speed of light. Re-arranging the equation, we find v:

b.

For an observer at rest in the laboratory, the electron is moving at a speed of

v = 299,792,457.9 m/s

and it covers a total distance of

L = 3000 m

which is the length of the SLAC measured by the observer. Therefore, the time it takes for the electron to travel down the tube is

c.

From the electron's point of view, the length of the SLAC is actually contracted, so the electron "sees" a total distance to cover of

And this means that the total time of travel of the electron, in its frame of reference will be shorter; in particular it is given by the formula:

where

is the time measured by the observer at rest

Substituting,

the skeletons of most mammals reach a certain size and then stop growing. however, many animals, including some mammals, keep growing throughout their lives. kangaroos, for example, just keep growing and growing until they die. also, the longer an animal lives the greater the chance it might catch some deadly disease.

e/c, where e is its total energy