The "opposite" of ionization energy is
a. atomic energy.
b. electronegativity.
c. molecular energy.
d. electromagnetic energy.

Large electric fields in cell membranes cause ions to move through the cell wall. the field strength in a typical membrane is 1.0 x 10 7 n/c. what is the magnitude of the force on a calcium ion with charge +e? what is its acceleration? is it possible for a particle with the same charge as as calcium to have a different acceleration if placed at this location? what would change the acceleration: mass of the particle? diameter of the particle?

The friction of the water on a boat produces an acceleration of -10. m/s2. if the boat is traveling at 30. m/s and the motor is shut off, how long it take the boat to slow down to 5.0 m/s?

Which of the following is a measure of the amount of light a star directly emits?               a.  luminosity    b.  intensity    c.  wavelength    d.  brightness