When a comet passes near the sun, it experiences a force that causes it to change direction. what causes this force?

I believe this force is GRAVITY .

Also known as the slingshot effect, the comet experiences a gravitational pull towards the sun, but the comet is too far away for it to go into full effect, so when the comet flies by, instead, all it does is change direction.

Hope this helps!

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Gravitational Force

Explanation:

The answer is Gravitational Force produced by these two bodies. We know gravitational force is the weakest force among all the forces present.

So , these force are not significant for large distance but as the comet passes near the sun the force came into consideration and it experience change in direction.

Again note that since, the force is too weak. Therefore, comet do not collide with the sun rather its direction changes to some extend.

Its not gravity because gravity is a special term used if and only if when one of the body among them is Earth.

come closer and become far apart and become steam/gas

if they have a finite resultant