Which is a possible measurement of the momentum of a moving object? 11 kg∙m2/s2 2.8 kg∙m/s 16 kg∙m/s, due west 9.3 m/s2, due north

Momentum is a vector, although we don't hammer on that.  In order to completely describe a momentum, you need a magnitude AND a direction ... just like force and velocity.

So choice #2 is the magnitude of a momentum, without its direction.

Choice #3 is  the full package, with both the magnitude and the direction.

Choice #1 has units of energy, and choice #4 has units of acceleration, so neither of those can be it.

.) the observation by semmelweis that more mothers died of childbed fever when their doctors also worked in the morgue

the area between the graph and the t axis